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Negativity isn't a bug, it's on the syllabus

Negativity isn't a bug, it's on the syllabus

A long time ago, before graphs and databases and all the rest of it, I did a bit of technology journalism. Nothing grand - I was a freelancer at the end of the nineties, writing for Datatestlab and Datanews here in Belgium. I never went to journalism school, never sat through a single lecture on the theory of the trade. I just wrote about tech and got paid by the piece. So when people ask me why the news is so relentlessly negative - and they do ask, usually with a sort of tired resignation - I don't answer as some credentialed insider. I answer as someone who stood near the edge of it for a while, and who only much later found out there was a whole theory underneath the thing I'd been doing on instinct.

A journalism syllabus page listing classic news values - unexpectedness, proximity, prominence, magnitude - with the word "negativity" quietly highlighted in amber, and the newsroom mantra "if it bleeds, it leads" written underneath.

On this site I've written before about the two usual suspects. There's the brain: we're wired so that bad is stronger than good, losses hurt more than equivalent gains, and a single nasty comment outlives a week of praise. And there's the machine: the algorithms that learned to sell us anger, weighting an outraged reaction five times heavier than a like.

Both are real. But both, if I'm honest, let the profession itself off the hook a little too easily. Because there's a layer in between the caveman brain and the Facebook algorithm - and that layer is the craft of journalism. And that's the one I want to talk about.

the checklist nobody tells you about

Here's the thing I didn't fully appreciate until years later. Journalists don't decide what's "news" by instinct alone. There's a theory underneath it, and it has a name: news values. Back in 1965, two Norwegian researchers, Johan Galtung and Mari Holmboe Ruge, went through a pile of newspapers and worked out which factors made an event more likely to be reported. They ended up with a list of roughly twelve.

And right there on the list, sitting between "unexpectedness" and "reference to elite nations", is one word: negativity. Bad news, their framework says plainly, is simply more newsworthy than good news. A tragedy, a crash, a scandal, a disaster - all of it scores higher than a wedding or a recovery or a quiet, boring success. Decades later, when Tony Harcup and Deirdre O'Neill updated the list for the modern era, "bad news" survived the rewrite intact. It's still on there.

This is not some obscure academic footnote. These frameworks are in the textbooks. They're on the reading lists of journalism programmes around the world. They are, quite literally, part of what you learn when you learn to be a journalist.

And I want to be careful here, because this is the point that matters most to me: nobody teaches you to be negative. There is no lecturer standing at the front of the room saying "make it grim." That's not how it works, and I don't think it's a conspiracy. What happens is subtler and, honestly, more durable than a conspiracy. Negativity gets formalised. It's written down as a neutral-sounding criterion of quality - a measure of what makes a story worth telling. And once something is on the syllabus, it stops feeling like a choice. It just feels like the job.

"if it bleeds, it leads"

The newsroom has always known this in its own blunter language. "If it bleeds, it leads" - the phrase turns up in print as far back as a 1989 New York magazine piece by the journalist Eric Pooley, complaining that the thoughtful report always gets buried because the sensational story has to open the broadcast. That's the same idea as Galtung and Ruge's "negativity", just with the academic varnish stripped off. The theory and the trade lore agree completely. Bad news goes first.

So between the two of them - the textbook and the newsroom slang - a young journalist absorbs the rule from both directions at once. From above, as theory. From beside them, as culture. No wonder it sticks.

the twist I love

And now the part I find genuinely delicious. Johan Galtung, the man whose name is attached to that list, spent later years saying the media had misread him. He felt the profession had taken his work and become far too negative, too sensational, too adversarial. He described something that was happening in the news - and watched it get treated as an instruction for how news should be.

That, to me, is the whole thing in one sentence. Negativity in the news isn't destiny. It isn't your amygdala and it isn't only Mark Zuckerberg. It's a choice that got written down so long ago, and repeated so faithfully, that we forgot it was ever a choice at all.

But anything that was written into the syllabus can be written back out of it. That's not naive optimism - it's just the logical consequence of realising that this was never a law of physics. It was a convention. And conventions can change.

Which is, when you get right down to it, the entire reason positron exists. Not to pretend the bad stuff isn't there. Just to quietly, stubbornly, put a different item at the top of the list.

Cheers

Rik

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