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Earth’s center shifts with the seasons, and NASA measured it

Earth’s center of mass shifts by a few millimeters as seasonal changes move water, ice, and air around the planet. Researchers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory developed a more precise way to measure this subtle motion, combining laser tracking with GPS and satellite-orbit data while accounting for movement of Earth’s crust. Their results suggest the yearly shift is about half the size estimated eight years ago, with less mass moving between hemispheres than previously thought. That refinement matters because the center of mass is a key reference for satellite navigation and precise measurements of Earth’s surface.
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