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Europe’s ancient forests were far more open than we imagined

Imagine Europe’s ancient wilderness as a patchwork of woodlands, grassy clearings and wildflower meadows, rather than one vast, dark forest. A major study from Aarhus University suggests these varied landscapes shaped much of the continent for more than 20 million years. Researchers pieced together clues from fossils, pollen, charcoal, animal remains and ancient environmental DNA to understand how these ecosystems changed. And here’s the thing: the findings suggest that restoring nature with a mix of habitats, not just dense forests, may better reflect Europe’s ecological history and support its biodiversity.
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